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This essay was for the story, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
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“The Effect of Narrative Point of View, Reliability in the Text” The narrator eases the reader into a story and not only do they give you a glimpse of what is happening, but also who the characters in the story are. With that being said, is it possible for the narrator to be lying? In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson, the narrator isn’t always being genuine. The deceit is much more complicated to understand since it’s not typically meant to occur. Since the narrator isn’t being truthful, that further implies the deceitfulness of the entire story. Things aren’t exactly the way they seem, and if the narrator isn’t being honest, that could change not only the way the reader views a character in the story but the story itself. When introducing the character of Mr. Utterson, the narrator explains not only how he is viewed by others but also how he saw himself. “‘I incline to, Cain’s heresy,’ he used to say, ‘I let my brother go to the devil in his quaintly: ‘own way’” (Stevenson 1). The narrator is claiming to state what the character is saying. Considering the actual story of Cain and Abel did not play out in the way the narrator seems to tell it as, just shows how reliable they truly are. The narrator is referring to what Mr. Utterson said which shows that these claims aren’t coming from anyone other than Utterson himself. Although this is in the point of view of the narrator and everything they say isn’t always true. Naturally it is likely to believe what the narrator is saying because they are the ones telling the story. In the text Utterson claims to he let his brother go to the devil
in his own way, implying he killed himself. In the actual story of Cain and Abel, Cain killed his brother himself because he was upset over how God was taking Abel’s sacrifices over his own. Perhaps he meant he was jealous of his brother and didn’t bother saving him although he had the opportunity too. With that being said, the narrator never implied that and alters the way the reader might view Utterson as a person and the story itself. Another statement made by Utterson according to the narrator was that he let his brother go to the devil, insinuating he had sinned. Since Abel sacrificed his cattle to god to cleanse him of his sins, he was good and likely to spend his life after death in heaven. This shows how incorrectly Utterson understood the story of Cain and Abel, according to the narrator. The story is following the lawyer, Mr. Utterson. Whenever he learns any new information so do the readers. The information is received in pieces which causes the suspense and mystery in the text. All the information isn’t truly known until the end. “‘Did you ever remark that door?’ he asked; and when his companion had replied in the affirmative, ‘It is connected in my mind,’ added he, ‘with a very odd story.’” (Stevenson 5). In “The Story of the Door” the narrator is witnessing the telling of the story told to Utterson by Enfield. “‘I am ashamed of my long tongue. Let us make a bargain never to refer to this again.’ ‘With all my heart,’ said the lawyer. ‘I shake hands on that, Richard.’” (Stevenson 11). Enfield regrets telling Utterson so much and hopes that he will keep that information to himself. Utterson promises not to tell anyone anything but the way that it was written, according to the narrator implies otherwise. If this chapter had been written in the perspective of Mr. Utterson, the promise of actually keeping the secret wouldn’t have had an underlying tone of deceit. His intentions of actually keeping the
not least — with the odd, subjective disturbance caused by his neighbourhood. This bore some resemblance to incipient rigour, and was accompanied by a marked sinking of the pulse.” (Stevenson 68). Lanyon states that the man who came to meet him at midnight, Mr. Hyde had a resemblance to Dr. Jekyll. This would be because although they looked extremely different physically, they were both the same person. Dr. Jekyll wasn’t any better than Mr. Hyde because they were both the same person. The unreliability in Dr. Lanyon was indisputable. Dr. Lanyon’s narrative was seen from the perspective of Mr. Utterson. He had written a letter to him letting him know his side of the story. The original narrator whos in the third person perspective was viewing all of this alongside Utterson. Once again whichever way Utterson viewed the situation wasn’t completely thorough since it didn’t come directly from him. Making the narrator out to be as unreliable. The very last chapter of the story is in the point of view of Dr. Jekyll himself. The secrets that have been kept hidden throughout the book have now come to light, told by the one and only Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. “I felt younger, lighter, happier in body;” (Stevenson 78). In his transition he felt much better than he originally had. According to him it’s because he no longer was himself but someone else entirely. He felt younger and lighter since he no longer had to deprive himself of the things he wanted. As Hyde he was able to do what his truly desired to do. “ I have observed that when I wore the semblance of Edward Hyde, none could come near to me at first without a visible misgiving of the flesh. This, as I take it, was because all human beings, as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil: and Edward Hyde, alone in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil.” (Stevenson 78). Jekyll had attempted to isolate the bad temptations deep within him into one separate entity. To the public, the pure evil was indescribable.
Everyone has a little bad in them but when separating them and focusing it directly into just one trait, the outcome was bizarre. Jekyll seemed confused when it came to identifying who he was. “Hence, although I had now two characters as well as two appearances, one was wholly evil, and the other was still the old Henry Jekyll, that incongruous compound of whose reformation and improvement I had already learned to despair.” (Stevenson 79). He was now referring to himself as Hyde and Jekyll as the other person that just so happens to be a bother and a nuisance. Taking into consideration his change in demeanor, it’s as if he is losing his mind. He no longer truly know who is a part of him more, clearly because he is the both of them. This mysterious ending leads to a lot of questions because the narrator is confused himself. Since he no longer has an idea of what is happening, neither does anyone else. For this reason the narrator shows just how unreliable he is. He no longer upholds the same persona he had been carrying alongside him throughout the entirety of the story. He was always both Jekyll and Hyde, although he kept his Hyde side at bay since it was something that pleased him. Now no one is really sure who he truly is besides the fact that his is two entities many set of narrators are generally through one perspective, third person. Every other narrative in the story are from letters or documents both addressed to Mr. Utterson. Since the third person narrator is following Utterson in his journey on finding all of the information about Hyde, they form their own opinions based on the way Utterson reacts to it. Utterson isn’t the one giving the information therefore his opinion towards the subject isn’t truly known unless he says it himself. This also shows the unreliability in the text considering you never know what is actually happening. The narrator isn’t always truthful in the story, although it may not be intentional. They aren’t the one going through the situation and therefore can’t explain it based off of the
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Kimberly Medina
Professor Florschuetz
English 201: Paper 2
15 March 2018
“The Effect of Narrative Point of View, Reliability in the Text”
The narrator eases the reader into a story and not only do they give you a glimpse of what
is happening, but also who the characters in the story are. With that being said, is it possible for
the narrator to be lying? In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
by Robert Louis
Stevenson, the narrator isn’t always being genuine. The deceit is much more complicated to
understand since it’s not typically meant to occur. Since the narrator isn’t being truthful, that
further implies the deceitfulness of the entire story. Things aren’t exactly the way they seem, and
if the narrator isn’t being honest, that could change not only the way the reader views a character
in the story but the story itself.
When introducing the character of Mr. Utterson, the narrator explains not only how he is
viewed by others but also how he saw himself. “‘I incline to, Cain’s heresy,’ he used to say, ‘I let
my brother go to the devil in his quaintly: ‘own way’” (Stevenson 1). The narrator is claiming to
state what the character is saying. Considering the actual story of Cain and Abel did not play out
in the way the narrator seems to tell it as, just shows how reliable they truly are. The narrator is
referring to what Mr. Utterson said which shows that these claims aren’t coming from anyone
other than Utterson himself. Although this is in the point of view of the narrator and everything
they say isn’t always true. Naturally it is likely to believe what the narrator is saying because
they are the ones telling the story. In the text Utterson claims to he let his brother go to the devil
in his own way, implying he killed himself. In the actual story of Cain and Abel, Cain killed his
brother himself because he was upset over how God was taking Abel’s sacrifices over his own.
Perhaps he meant he was jealous of his brother and didn’t bother saving him although he had the
opportunity too. With that being said, the narrator never implied that and alters the way the
reader might view Utterson as a person and the story itself. Another statement made by Utterson
according to the narrator was that he let his brother go to the devil, insinuating he had sinned.
Since Abel sacrificed his cattle to god to cleanse him of his sins, he was good and likely to spend
his life after death in heaven. This shows how incorrectly Utterson understood the story of Cain
and Abel, according to the narrator.
The story is following the lawyer, Mr. Utterson. Whenever he learns any new information
so do the readers. The information is received in pieces which causes the suspense and mystery
in the text. All the information isn’t truly known until the end. “‘Did you ever remark that door?’
he asked; and when his companion had replied in the affirmative, ‘It is connected in my mind,’
added he, ‘with a very odd story.’” (Stevenson 5). In “The Story of the Door” the narrator is
witnessing the telling of the story told to Utterson by Enfield. “‘I am ashamed of my long
tongue. Let us make a bargain never to refer to this again.’ ‘With all my heart,’ said the lawyer.
‘I shake hands on that, Richard.’” (Stevenson 11). Enfield regrets telling Utterson so much and
hopes that he will keep that information to himself. Utterson promises not to tell anyone anything
but the way that it was written, according to the narrator implies otherwise. If this chapter had
been written in the perspective of Mr. Utterson, the promise of actually keeping the secret
wouldn’t have had an underlying tone of deceit. His intentions of actually keeping the
information would have been conveyed with much more certainty in comparison to the
explanation given by the narrator.
Mr. Utterson wants to speak to Dr. Jekyll about his will. “A close observer might have
gathered that the topic was distasteful; but the doctor carried it off gaily.” (Stevenson 23). The
narrator is assuming that the topic that was brought to light by Utterson should have been
translated as something of high alarm. The way Jekyll responded to the conversation was with
light heartedness. This was just an opinion that came from the narrator, which influences the way
the reader views the situation in the text. It also influences the way the character is viewed. The
narrator tells the story in the way they want you to understand. There aren’t many parts where
the narrator exposes themselves and shows what their true intentions are, but considering the
many secrets in the book it’s not very hard to believe that the narrator is attempting something
out of the ordinary.
Dr. Lanyon’s narrative is much more genuine in comparison to the previous narrator.
“Upon the reading of this letter, I made sure my colleague was insane; but till that was proved
beyond the possibility of doubt, I felt bound to do as he requested.” (Stevenson 65). He lets his
true feelings for Jekyll show and that confirms what the readers should be feeling as they read
the text. Dr. Lanyon’s acceptance of the task handed to him can persuade the reader to believe
that Jekyll must be a good person. Lanyon wouldn’t have bothered to obey to the desperate
requests of Henry Jekyll unless he was worth the time. Although Lanyon bothered to help Jekyll
because he was worth the time, that does not mean he is actually a good person. “ He was small,
as I have said; I was struck besides with the shocking expression of his face, with his remarkable
combination of great muscular activity and great apparent debility of constitution, and — last but
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not least — with the odd, subjective disturbance caused by his neighbourhood. This bore some
resemblance to incipient rigour, and was accompanied by a marked sinking of the pulse.”
(Stevenson 68). Lanyon states that the man who came to meet him at midnight, Mr. Hyde had a
resemblance to Dr. Jekyll. This would be because although they looked extremely different
physically, they were both the same person. Dr. Jekyll wasn’t any better than Mr. Hyde because
they were both the same person. The unreliability in Dr. Lanyon was indisputable. Dr. Lanyon’s
narrative was seen from the perspective of Mr. Utterson. He had written a letter to him letting
him know his side of the story. The original narrator whos in the third person perspective was
viewing all of this alongside Utterson. Once again whichever way Utterson viewed the situation
wasn’t completely thorough since it didn’t come directly from him. Making the narrator out to be
as unreliable.
The very last chapter of the story is in the point of view of Dr. Jekyll himself. The secrets
that have been kept hidden throughout the book have now come to light, told by the one and only
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. “I felt younger, lighter, happier in body;” (Stevenson 78). In his
transition he felt much better than he originally had. According to him it’s because he no longer
was himself but someone else entirely. He felt younger and lighter since he no longer had to
deprive himself of the things he wanted. As Hyde he was able to do what his truly desired to do.
“ I have observed that when I wore the semblance of Edward Hyde, none could come near to me
at first without a visible misgiving of the flesh. This, as I take it, was because all human beings,
as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil: and Edward Hyde, alone in the ranks of
mankind, was pure evil.” (Stevenson 78). Jekyll had attempted to isolate the bad temptations
deep within him into one separate entity. To the public, the pure evil was indescribable.
Everyone has a little bad in them but when separating them and focusing it directly into just one
trait, the outcome was bizarre. Jekyll seemed confused when it came to identifying who he was.
“Hence, although I had now two characters as well as two appearances, one was wholly evil, and
the other was still the old Henry Jekyll, that incongruous compound of whose reformation and
improvement I had already learned to despair.” (Stevenson 79). He was now referring to himself
as Hyde and Jekyll as the other person that just so happens to be a bother and a nuisance. Taking
into consideration his change in demeanor, it’s as if he is losing his mind. He no longer truly
know who is a part of him more, clearly because he is the both of them. This mysterious ending
leads to a lot of questions because the narrator is confused himself. Since he no longer has an
idea of what is happening, neither does anyone else. For this reason the narrator shows just how
unreliable he is. He no longer upholds the same persona he had been carrying alongside him
throughout the entirety of the story. He was always both Jekyll and Hyde, although he kept his
Hyde side at bay since it was something that pleased him. Now no one is really sure who he truly
is besides the fact that his is two entities.The many set of narrators are generally through one
perspective, third person. Every other narrative in the story are from letters or documents both
addressed to Mr. Utterson. Since the third person narrator is following Utterson in his journey on
finding all of the information about Hyde, they form their own opinions based on the way
Utterson reacts to it. Utterson isn’t the one giving the information therefore his opinion towards
the subject isn’t truly known unless he says it himself. This also shows the unreliability in the
text considering you never know what is actually happening.
The narrator isn’t always truthful in the story, although it may not be intentional. They
aren’t the one going through the situation and therefore can’t explain it based off of the
experience, just as a witness. Perhaps if the narrator was a part of the situation then the
information given to them could have been more reliable. They are learning and sharing the
information as they receive it to help persuade an opinion from the readers. The narrator alters
the way the characters and the plot itself are represented. Things aren’t exactly the way they
seem, and if the narrator isn’t being truthful, that could change not only the way the reader views
a character in the story but the story itself. For these reasons, so many questions are left
unanswered and left open for those want to form their own opinions.
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